Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Rochester

Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center (Rochester, Minnesota) is an international leader in integrated cancer care, pioneering research, and the management of complex cancer cases.

It has been designated a Comprehensive Cancer Center by the US National Cancer Institute (NCI) since 1973, and is consistently ranked among the highest nationally for cancer care (by U.S. News & World Report).

It applies an integrated multidisciplinary team model in which medical, surgical and radiation oncologists, pathologists and geneticists work together to build personalised treatment plans for more than 130,000 cancer patients each year.

Advanced treatments: Proton beam radiotherapy (pencil-beam scanning), CAR-T cell therapy (FACT accredited), robotic/minimally invasive cancer surgery, targeted molecular therapy, and precision theranostic nuclear medicine. Pioneering research division: More than 400 dedicated physicians and scientists lead major research initiatives in cancer cell genomics, cancer immunology/immunotherapy, early detection, and new drug development. Clinical trials: Hundreds of phase I-III clinical trials are active, giving patients early access to investigational drugs, novel immunotherapy combinations, and chemotherapy regimens delivered at home (the Cancer Care Beyond Walls programme).

Complex and rare cancers: Known for accepting difficult referrals, including advanced or refractory cancers for which other centres may have few treatment options left.

Proton beam radiotherapy: Uses precise pencil-beam scanning to target hard-to-reach tumours near sensitive organs, minimising damage to healthy tissue.

CAR-T cell therapy and bone marrow transplantation: Uses genetically modified cell immunotherapy and stem cell transplantation for severely advanced blood cancers and refractory leukaemia/lymphoma.

Nuclear medicine and radiopharmaceuticals: Runs advanced targeted radiopharmaceutical programmes that deliver radiation directly to cancer cells.

Advanced surgical and interventional oncology: High-risk surgical capability (including vascular reconstruction for complex resections), robot-assisted procedures, and local tumour ablation techniques such as cryoablation and radiofrequency ablation.